Monitoring the UK climate and forecasting its meteorological changes with analysis
UK Climate Forecasting and Analysis
Climate Forecast UK Weather Stormy Atlantic Ocean Jet Stream Analysis and Reports Flooding Air Quality
Vice-Admiral Robert Fitzroy was the founder of the UK Met Office which was formed in 1854. It is the UK’s National Weather Service operating from Exeter in Devon. Not all its staff of about 1700 work in Devon but are spread throughout the world in 60 locations. Since 2016 it is part of the Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy. In December 2018 Penelope Endersby took over as Chief Executive. The organisation is the world’s leader in providing accurate weather forecasting and research into climate change which it has been doing for more than 20 years. The men and women who work for the Met Office provide a vast array of services which benefit mankind.
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This website will examine the climate of the United Kingdom together with its weather conditions. Our climate is part of a global pattern of weather travelling to our shores across the North Atlantic with the aid of the high altitude jet streams of air. Most of the data will be supplied by the UK and the Icelandic Met Offices and by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Latest Climate News from Sky
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Grantham Institute on Climate Change and Environment
NOAA Assessing the global climate in August 2025
Copernicus Monthly Climate Bulletins
World Meteorological Organisation on Climate
Met Office Climate Newsletter
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was formed on the 3 October 1970 to amalgamate the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey the Weather Survey and the U.S. Commission Fish and Fisheries.
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The Icelandic Met Office is a public institution under the auspices of the Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources historically based on the Icelandic Met Office and the Icelandic Hydrological Survey. They merged in 2009. The Icelandic Met Office has 135 full-time employees.
Climate Change
Includes both the global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change since the mid-20th century the rate of human impact on Earth's climate system and its global scale have been unprecedented. The largest driver has been the emission of greenhouse gases of which more than 90% are carbon dioxide and methane. Fossil fuel burning for energy consumption is the main source of these emissions with additional contributions from agriculture deforestation and industrial processes. Temperature rise is accelerated or tempered by climate feedbacks such as loss of sunlight-reflecting snow and ice cover increased water vapour - a greenhouse gas itself - and changes to land and ocean carbon sinks. Because land surfaces heat faster than ocean surfaces deserts are expanding and heat-waves and wildfires are more common. Environmental effects include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change most immediately in coral reefs mountains and the Arctic.
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather" or more rigorously as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years as defined by the World Meteorological Organisation. These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature precipitation and wind.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin July 2025
July 2025 was only the fourth month in the last 25 months for which the global-average surface air temperature was not more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Prior to this 25-month period, only five months (January-March 2016 and January-February 2020) had previously been above the 1.5°C level. 14 of the last 25 months, from September 2023 to April 2024, and from October 2024 to March 2025, were substantially above 1.5°C, ranging from 1.58°C to 1.78°C. However, the values for May, June, August and September 2024, as well as those for July and August 2023 and April 2025, were very close to 1.5°C (between 1.50°C and 1.54°C). Given the small differences among data sets for global temperature anomalies relative to 1991-2020, the months highlighted here in the last 25 months may differ in data sets other than ERA5. Furthermore, there is inherent uncertainty arising from data set differences in the estimates used for the monthly temperature changes from pre-industrial to 1991-2020 levels.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin August 2025
August 2025 was the third-warmest August globally, with an average ERA5 surface air temperature of 16.60°C, 0.49°C above the 1991-2020 average for August. August 2025 was 0.22°C cooler than the two warmest Augusts on record, in 2023 and 2024. August 2025 was 1.29°C above the estimated 1850-1900 average used to define the pre-industrial level. The 12-month period of September 2024 – August 2025 was 0.64°C above the 1991-2020 average, and 1.52°C above the pre-industrial level.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin September 2025
September 2025 was the sixth month in the last 27 months for which the global-average surface air temperature was not more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
Copernicus Climate Bulletin October 2025
0.70°C warmer than the 1991-2020 average for October, with an absolute surface air temperature of 15.14°C. The third-warmest October on record, 0.16°C cooler than the record October of 2023 and only 0.11°C cooler than October 2024. 1.55°C warmer than an estimate of the pre-industrial October average for 1850-1900.